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Skvortsov
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Андю
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26.04.2019 04:18:19
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11-19 век; Армия;
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Ну вот вам выдержки из The Forgotten Battle of 1066 Fulford
>И после этого вы утверждаете, что забываю русский именно я? Хм. Повторю ещё раз, если не прошло с 1-го раза: город сдался захватчикам, дав заложников и согласившись снабдить их продовольствием.
Еще раз:
Норвежцы в городскую крепость не входили. Заложников только пообещали выдать.
Harald agreed that 150 hostages would be exchanged between the victor and the vanquished. They had the customary few days to deliver the hostages. Monday was the day agreed.
Earl Edwin realised that he had to stay in York. If he did not agree to submit, the Mercians would be the next target for the invaders and York would pay a high price. To do anything other than to encourage the populace to agree to the lenient terms being offered by Harald and Tostig would alert the Norsemen. It was agreed that 150 ‘sons of the leading men’ of Northumbria would be given as hostages, while the same number would be given by the Norwegians in exchange.
И английского короля известили о предстоящей встрече:
Somewhere along the route, the much-travelled messenger returned with the news of the defeat at Fulford and the plans for the submission on the Sunday.
So that on Sunday the king proceeded with the whole army to the castle, and appointed a Thing of the people without the castle, at which the people of the castle were to be present. At this Thing all the people accepted the condition of submitting to Harald, and gave him, as hostages, the children of the most considerable persons; for Earl Toste was well acquainted with all the people of that town.
И в крепость пообещали впустить в понедельник, после обмена заложниками.
Another meeting was apparently arranged ‘within the castle early on Monday morning, and then King Harald was to name officers to rule over the town, to give out laws, and bestow fiefs’.
On Monday, when King Harald Sigurdson had taken breakfast, he ordered the trumpets to sound for going on shore.
The weather was uncommonly fine, and it was hot sunshine. The men therefore laid aside their armour, and went on the land only with their shields, helmets and spears, and girt with swords; and many had also arrows and bows, and all were very merry.
If we accept these figures and the casualty rates discussed earlier, King Harald set out with something short of 3,000 lightly armoured men, some carrying wounds from Wednesday’s battle and all suffering from the feast the night before.
Perhaps Stamford Bridge was not the destination. There was a significant junction of roads some miles north of Stamford Bridge itself. This might have been the location nominated to complete the formalities of submission and the exchange of hostages.
The invaders evidently had no plan for a fight. The chroniclers agree that it was a warm September. Because the days were hot, and combat was not expected, the men left most armour and weapons behind at Riccall.
While the invaders were making their way north-east, the English army was in fact heading due east on a collision course. Their route from Tadcaster was about the same distance.
There might have been nothing alarming about the sight of many men on horseback on the adjacent ridge heading in roughly their direction. They had, after all, been summoned to submit to King Harald and their restored earl.
The sources suggest that perhaps 90 per cent of the invaders were killed. The high casualty rate perhaps demonstrates the effectiveness of the armour that the Norsemen were not wearing, and the advantages of fighting on horseback.
The Forgotten Battle of 1066
ABOUT THE AUTHOR Charles Jones helped set up and has led the Lottery-funded Fulford Battlefield Society. With help from leading archaeologists, the society has spent five years investigating the location of the battle. He studied science at Cambridge University and spent over twenty years in the Territorial Army, which have both proved useful during this innovative investigation. He is now working to preserve the battlesite from encroaching housing development. He lives in Oxford.
https://www.amazon.com/Fulford-Charles-Jones/dp/0752443267/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1556236410&sr=1-1-catcorr