Lodge and his brother Alfred matriculated at the University
of London in 1871, when they were respectively twenty and
seventeen years of age. Two years later, Alfred obtained an
exhibition at Magdalen College, Oxford, and another brother,
Richard, was awarded an exhibition at Balliol College. Lodge
just missed obtaining an exhibition at St John's College,
Cambridge, the award being made to Milnes Marshall, the
biological candidate.
About this time, the Science and Art Department started classes
at the Wedgwood Institute, Burslem; and a well-known teacher
under the Department, Mr John Angell, of Manchester, gave a
course in chemistry. Lodge attended this course and became a
kind of voluntary laboratory assistant to Mr Angell for the
course. Lodge afterwards attended classes in physics, mathematics
and other subjects at the Wedgwood Institute, and used whatever
intervals he could snatch from his business occupations for reading
what he could about them. He entered for eight of these subjects
in the May examinations of the Science and Art Department
and obtained a First Class in all of them. The result was that he
was selected by the Department to attend a winter course for
science teachers in training at the Royal College of Science,
South Kensington, with free tuition and a maintenance grant.
He attended' lectures there by Huxley, but worked chiefly at
chemistry and physics under Edward Frankland and Frederick
Guthrie. In addition, he attended lectures in mathematics,
mechanics and physics at King's College.
While in his father's business, Lodge passed the London
Matriculation examination and began to work for the Intermedi-
ate B.Sc. During the winter in London as a science teacher in
training, he attended lectures in botany at University College, by
Professor Oliver and had private tuition in zoology, with the result
that he passed the examination in 1873. He then decided to give
up the idea of a commercial career and entered University College,
London, as a student. While there, the professor of physics,
Carey Foster, after interviewing Lodge, offered him a salary of
/5o a year to assist in taking exercise classes and in the laboratory.
Lodge gladly accepted this opportunity of cutting his business
ties and achieving independence, even though such independence
involved materially straitened circumstances. He was able to
pass the Final B.Sc. examination in 1875, and two years later
took electricity for the D.Sc. examination which he passed
without any difficulty. In after life, Lodge remarked, "Of all the
examinations, I found Matriculation the hardest".
Ну и про Arthur Milnes Marshall и значении слова "graduated"
> Lodge
> just missed obtaining an exhibition at St John's College,
> Cambridge, the award being made to Milnes Marshall, the
> biological candidate.
Arthur Milnes Marshall
Born in Birmingham on 8 June 1852, he was the third son of William P. Marshall, secretary of the Institution of Civil Engineers. In 1870, while still at school, he graduated B.A. at London University, and the following year entered St John's College, Cambridge, to read for the Natural Science Tripos.
He was one of the first biology students following the reforms of Francis Balfour, and took the classes of Michael Foster. In 1874 he graduated B.A. with a top first, and was appointed in the early part of 1875 by Cambridge University to their table at the new Stazione Zoologica, Naples. In the summer of the same year he returned to Cambridge, and during the October term he joined Balfour in giving a course of lectures and laboratory work in zoology.
In 1877 Marshall won an open science scholarship at St Bartholomew's Hospital, and in the same year he passed the M.B. examination at Cambridge, obtained the London degree of D.Sc., and was elected to a fellowship at St John's College. He was appointed, in 1879, at the age of 27, to the newly-established professorship of zoology at Owens College, Manchester. There Marshall built a reputation as teacher and organiser. He graduated M.A. in 1878 and M.D. in 1882.
что-то я не догоняю весь этот гуглёж про незнакомых физиков, зоологов...
Вы мне что доказать-то хотите? что у Митчелла высшее образование было? Не было. Курсы были пройденные по его выбору для резюме. Ничего подобного экзаменационным испытаниям на предмет, подобный, скажем, Steel manufacture или Carriage building он не проходил, сертификатов, показывающих освоение отраслевых знаний не имел. И тысячи их таких было, набиравших резюме практикой, теорию обрывками.
Лучше бы погуглили да рассказали в чем состояли испытания в "бездипломных" ВУЗах РИ. Процедура-то какова? Дипломную работу можно дипломной и не называть, а по сути она есть... По крайней мере "отчет о занятиях и работах на практике" это она и есть. Тот же Лодж (я погуглил и почитал) на испытания для B.S. представлял именно работы. И еще держал экзамен. Причем болтался он в Лондоне именно с 1871 по 1875 для получения этой степени, у него в автобиографии сие написано. Система вполне близка теперешней в моей конторе - устный гос по физике и дипломная работа.